Introduction:

Receiving a cancer diagnosis can be a life-altering moment. Understanding how cancer is diagnosed provides clarity on the process and empowers individuals to navigate their healthcare journey with knowledge. In this blog, we’ll explore the key steps involved in diagnosing cancer.

1. Initial Symptoms and Concerns:

The initial step typically involves individuals recognizing unusual symptoms or dealing with persistent health issues. These symptoms can vary significantly based on the type and stage of cancer, prompting individuals to consult a healthcare professional for further evaluation.

2. Physical Examination:

During the initial consultation, the healthcare provider conducts a physical examination to assess overall health and identify any visible signs of concern. This may involve palpation of lumps, checking for abnormalities, or evaluating specific symptoms reported by the patient. The doctor also checks the physical fitness of the patient for cancer-directed treatment if planned and  the diagnosis of malignancy is made.

3. Diagnostic Imaging:

Advanced imaging techniques play a crucial role in cancer evaluation by providing information on the spread of the disease. Common imaging modalities include :

X-rays: Useful for detecting abnormalities in bones and soft tissues.

CT scans: Provide detailed cross-sectional images for a closer look at body organs.

MRI scans: Offer high-resolution images for assessing soft tissues like the brain or organs.

PET scans: Highlight areas with increased metabolic activity.

4. Biopsy:

Definitive diagnosis of cancer is done by means of a biopsy. When suspicious masses or abnormalities are identified, a biopsy is often performed to collect a sample of tissue. This sample is then examined under a microscope by a pathologist to determine whether cancerous cells are present. Subsequently, immunohistochemistry (IHC) is performed to identify specific proteins in the cells, and can help in correctly identifying the origin and type of cancer cells.

5. Laboratory Tests:

Blood tests and other laboratory investigations are essential components of the diagnostic process. Specific markers in the blood can indicate the presence of cancer or provide insights into organ function. For instance, elevated levels of certain proteins may suggest the existence of particular types of cancer.

6. Molecular and Genetic Testing:

Advancements in cancer research have led to the integration of molecular and genetic testing. These tests analyze the genetic makeup of cancer cells, providing information about the specific mutations or alterations driving the disease. This knowledge can guide personalized treatment plans.

Once the diagnosis is made by a biopsy and extent of the disease determined by imaging methods, a treatment plan is formulated utilizing various modalities of treatment.

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational purposes and patient understanding only. A person should seek medical advice.